Comprehensive plan for the prevention and rehabilitation of bronchial asthma in older adults in a community

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to analyze the impact of environmental risk factors on bronchial asthma in older adults in the Cristo del Consuelo neighborhood of Babahoyo, Los Ríos province, with the objective of proposing an action plan focused on the prevention, control, and rehabilitation of the disease. The study employed a mixed-methods approach (qualitative and quantitative), based on the deductive method and a descriptive, field-based, and documentary design with a cross-sectional focus. The population consisted of eighty-five older adults, from whom a non-probability sample of thirty individuals diagnosed with bronchial asthma was selected. Data collection was carried out through direct observation and a structured survey, using an observation checklist and a questionnaire with closed-ended questions. The results revealed a high prevalence of triggering environmental factors, such as vehicle pollution, tobacco smoke, house dust, humidity, and climate change, as well as a limited level of preventive practices. A high level of willingness among participants to receive respiratory therapies and acquire knowledge about self-care and respiratory physiotherapy was identified. Based on these results, a comprehensive action plan was proposed, based on health education, environmental control, and respiratory rehabilitation techniques. It was concluded that the systematic implementation of preventive and rehabilitative strategies is relevant and necessary for the comprehensive management of bronchial asthma in vulnerable community settings.